平介设计 | 木屋小镇：岛屿·丛林·小木屋

木屋小镇位于江西九江西南部庐山西海的一座岛屿上，由上海平介建筑设计事务所设计。这片水域的前身是江西五大水系之一的修河。20世纪50至70年代，号称亚洲第一大坝的西海拦河大坝于此修建，也形成了湖区独特的岛屿形式：如成簇成团的丛林漂浮于水面之上。而我们希望呈现在岛上的，是漂浮于丛林之上的一簇小木屋。

The Wooden Cabin Town is located on an island in the West Sea of Lushan, southwest of Jiujiang, Jiangxi. It was designed by Shanghai Parallect Architecture Studio. The predecessor of this water area is Xiu River, one of the five major rivers in Jiangxi. From the 1950s to the 1970s, the Xihai Barrage, known as Asia’s largest dam, was built here, and it formed a unique island in the lake area： like clusters of jungle floating above the water. And what we hope to present is a cluster of small wooden cabins floating above the jungle.

▲区域整体鸟瞰，overall bird’s eye view of the area

设计包含一座24米高的瞭望塔，一个多功能大厅，以及19个预制森林木屋。

The design includes a 24-meter-high observation tower, a multi-functional hall, and 19 prefabricated forest wooden cabins.

▲项目半鸟瞰，semi-bird’s eye view of the project

▲瞭望塔与多功能大厅建筑，watchtower and multifunctional hall building

自然崇拜 Nature worship

建筑物与岛上繁茂的天然栓皮栎群落间的共融姿态是该方案的原始出发点。因此，作为岛上空间升级的核心环节，新建筑完全在拆除旧有建筑的基础上建设。化整为零的设计使装配式木屋单体更易运送上岛组装。木屋由独立基础架高，地面则进行地被修复与还原。旧建筑拆除的废料也尽可能于原地填埋，成为多功能大厅的基础。

The fusion gesture between the building and the lush natural cork oak forest on the island is the starting point of the project. Therefore, as the core part of space upgrade project of the island, new building is constructed entirely on the basis of the demolition of the old building. The integrated design makes it easier for the wooden cabin to be transported to the island for assembly. The wooden cabin is elevated by an independent foundation, and the ground is repaired and restored. The waste from the demolition of old buildings is also buried in situ as much as possible to become the foundation of the multi-functional hall.

▲被拆除的原有旧建筑，the original building demolished

▲岛屿·丛林·小木屋，island, jungle and cabin

▲项目半鸟瞰，semi-bird’s eye view of the project

▲装配式小木屋，Prefabricated cabins

总平面的设计与其说是建筑师的决策，不如归功于场地和自然：周边丛生的乔木决定了建筑的边界。我们设定了核心空间和边缘扩张的法则，基于原有旧建筑核心区位置落下新建筑的中轴线空间，其余的建筑部分就像在植被的间隙中做一道填空题。

The design of masterplan owes much to the site and nature rather than the architect： the surrounding trees determine the boundaries of the building. The rules of core space and edge expansion are made： the axis of new buildings is set in the core area of the original architecture, and buildings are filled in the blank area among trees.

▲总平面图，Masterplan

▲穿梭在天然植被间隙中的木屋建筑群落，A community of wooden houses shuttled in the gaps of natural vegetation

较之一板一眼的规则、严谨，在这一追逐丛林野趣的项目中，希望引入更多由下而上的适应性与自发性。

Compared with the rigid rules and rigor, we hope to introduce more bottom-up adaptability and spontaneity in this project which chases the wild fun of the jungle.

▲被肆意生长的自然掩埋，Buried by the wanton growth of nature

▲晨雾散去，Morning mist cleared

也得益于这样的天然禀赋和设计方法，最终呈现的建筑反而充满呼吸感：3种类型的小木屋模块嵌入到场地中，平台为适应地形而呈现出高低错落的节奏。我们决定了木屋的朝向与开口方式，使他们成为互相之间的取景框。小木屋主材采用防虫防腐处理后的洪雪松木，还暴露着原始的木制纹理。我们甚至不希望这里看起来像一座干净整洁的新建筑，而应该是材料与环境间已经持续数载的一场亲密对话。

Thanks to such natural endowments and design strategies, the final proposal is breathing： 3 types of cabin modules are embedded in the site, and the platform presents a rhythm of different heights to adapt to the terrain. The orientation and openings of the wooden cabins are carefully arranged to make them a viewing frame for each other. The main material of the cabin is Hongxue pine wood with insect-proof and anti-corrosion treatment, which still exposes the original wooden texture. We don’t even want this place to look like a clean and tidy new building, but rather an intimate dialogue between materials and the environment that has been going on for several years.

▲个体间丰富的框景关系，Rich framed relationship between individuals

▲平台和走廊上穿行，Walk through platforms and corridors

▲洪雪松木墙面，Snow pine wall

“适应性”与“未完成” “Adaptability” and “Incompleteness”

较为特殊的是，设计之初，这里的具体功能和可能引入的业态还未确定。因此，空间本身自成景观体系的同时，业主还提出了对空间未来功能的延展性与适应性的要求。我们构想、罗列了这里可能植入的功能与业态，也作为木屋类型设计的一部分依据。

What is more special is that at the beginning of the design, program to introduce have not yet been determined. Therefore, while the space itself constitutes a landscape system, the owner also put forward requirements for the ductility and adaptability of future functions. We have conceived and listed some program that may be implanted here, which also serve as part of the basis for the design of the wooden cabin.

▲未来空间功能延展可能性探究，Research on the possibility of future spatial function extension

▲平台上的落叶，Fallen leaves on the platform

基于未来的多种可能，演进出的3种木屋呈现了不同的构造、尺度、与开放性。 “空心”的设计也为二次功能深化预留了空间与结构基础。

Based on the multiple possibilities in the future, the three types of wooden cabins evolved show different structures, scales, and openness. The “hollow” design also reserves space and structural foundations for later development.

▲3种木屋，3 types of wooden houses

▲不同类型的木屋相互组合，Different types of wooden houses are combined with each other

▲“空心”木屋作为穿行于休憩的景观空间，也为未来的功能植入创造了条件，The “hollow” wooden house, as a landscape space that walks through and rests, also creates conditions for future function implantation

“小镇”中轴上的多功能大厅造型上是小木屋的放大版，仿佛3种木屋模块未来功能延展的一张“使用导则”，也是“小镇”中唯一引入室内功能的空间。顶部天花木瓦斑斓下，有种道不明的仪式感。

The multifunctional hall on the central axis of the “town” is an enlarged version of the small wooden cabin, like an “instruction” for the future functions of the three types of wooden cabin modules, and it is also the only space in the “town” that introduces indoor functions. The top of the ceiling is covered with shingles.

▲中轴线上的多功能大厅，Multifunction hall on the central axis of the site

▲多功能大厅北面视角，North view of the multifunction hall

室内空间透过玻璃，视线越过中央景观庭院、公共台阶，与南侧的入口平台形成对望。景观庭院满足集散需求，也在活动举办时与多功能大厅、公共台阶、环廊与瞭望塔共同构筑了多层级的室内外联动体系。

The interior space passes through the glass, the central landscape courtyard and public steps, forms an opposite view to the entrance platform on the south side. The landscape courtyard satisfies the demand for evacuation, and also built a multi-level indoor and outdoor connection with multifunctional halls, public steps, corridors and observation towers when the event was held.

▲剖面图，Section

▲从多功能大厅望向前庭，Looking at the front courtyard from the multifunction hall

▲木瓦细节，Wooden tiles

钢结构瞭望塔是整座岛屿的制高点，上大下小，可以眺望整个湖区。出于降低风阻考虑而设计的防腐木格栅立面，在不同的观察角度呈现出丰富多样的通透性：人们从湖面上游动的船只里望去，丛林中树立的高塔仿佛若隐若现，更添几分神秘感。日出日落时，阳光也从格栅缝隙间渗出。

The steel structure observation tower is the highest point of the entire island, visitors can have a good view for the whole lake area when standing on the top. The fa?ade of anticorrosive wood grille designed to reduce wind resistance presents various permeability from different viewing angles： when people looking from the boats on the lake, the towers erected in the jungle is looming. At sunrise and sunset, sunlight seeps from the gaps in the grille.

▲伫立岛上的瞭望塔，Watchtower on the island

▲从瞭望塔上俯瞰木屋小镇，Overlooking the town from the tower

▲随视角的变换呈现出不同的通透性，The tower shows different permeability with the change of perspective

项目的特殊定位使我们对他的明天充满好奇，我们也为他设想了无数可植入的功能和可以发生的事件：帐篷营地、民宿、无人机障碍赛、热气球、自然教室、瑜伽、户外拓展…，空间本身承载了无限的可能。又或是无人问津，随着植物的野蛮生长，逐渐被绿色吞埋，回归一处秘境。

The special vision of the project makes us full of curiosity about his tomorrow. We also envisioned countless implantable functions and events for him： camping site, homestays, drone obstacle races, hot air balloons, nature classrooms, yoga, Outdoor activities…, the space itself carries infinite possibilities. Or no one cares, with the barbaric growth of plants, they are gradually being swallowed up by the green, returning to a secret realm.